The role of pharmacists in the treatment and prevention of civilization diseases. According to population based studies, lots of people suffer from civilization diseases, such as diabetes, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, gastric and duodenal ulcer disease, asthma and some mental diseases. It is essential to identify risk factors connected with the development of our civilization. Obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking, irregular cardiovascular activities are responsible for the rising occurrence of civilization diseases. The treatment should include a non-pharmacological therapy, patient education and a pharmacological therapy when required. The article deals with the need for a close cooperation between the patient and the pharmacist on the educational field, which would be beneficial for today's medicine.